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HOME >> WORLD PROFILES >> Germany
Germany
Foreword
Acknowledgments
Preface
Table A. English Equivalents of Selected German Place-Names
 Table B. Selected Abbreviations
Country Profile
Geography
Economy
Transportation and Telecommunications
Government and Politics
Introduction
Chapter 1. Historical Setting: Early History to 1945
Early History
The Merovingian Dynasty, ca. 500-751
The Saxon Dynasty, 919-1024
The Hohenstaufen Dynasty, 1138-1254
The Protestant Reformation
Resistance to Lutheranism
The Thirty Years' War, 1618-48
Military Campaigns
The Age of Enlightened Absolutism, 1648-1789
The Smaller States
The German Confederation, 1815-66
The Revolutions of 1848
Bismarck and Unification
Political Parties
The Tariff Agreement of 1879 and Its Social Consequences
Foreign Policy in the Wilhelmine Era
The Weimar Republic, 1918-33
Problems of Parliamentary Politics
Hitler and the Rise of National Socialism
The Consolidation of Power
The Outbreak of World War II
Defeat
Chapter 2. Historical Setting: 1945 to 1990
Postwar Occupation and Division
The Nuremberg Trials and Denazification
The Creation of the Bizone
The Birth of the German Democratic Republic
Rearmament and the European Defense Community
Social Market Economy
The Ulbricht Era, 1949-71
Planned Economy
The Berlin Wall
The Social Democratic-Free Democratic Coalition, 1969-82
Ostpolitik
The Student Movement and Terrorism
The Christian Democratic/Christian Socialist-Free Democratic Coalition, 1983-
The Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe
Relations Between the Two Germanys
The Last Days of East Germany
Chapter 3. The Society and Its Environment
Physical Setting
North German Lowland
Central German Uplands
Alpine Foreland and the Alps
Climate
Population
Fertility
Mortality
Immigration
Ethnic Germans
Ethnic Minorities
Marriage and Family
Housing
Religion
Roman Catholicism
Free Churches
Judaism
Social Structure and Social Mobility
The Elite
Salaried Employees
Workers
Social Mobility
Chapter 4. Social Welfare, Health Care, and Education
Social Insurance and Welfare Programs
Provisions of the Social Welfare System
Unemployment Insurance
Social Assistance
Current Social Welfare Issues and Outlook for the Future
Development of the Health Care System
Health Insurance
Remuneration of Health Care Providers
Education
Educational Policy Making and Administration
Educational Finances
Elementary and Primary Education
Senior Secondary Education
Tertiary or Higher Education
Current Education Issues and Outlook for the Future
Chapter 5. The Domestic Economy
Patterns of Development
The Social Market Economy
Unification and Its Aftermath
Structural and Technological Questions
The Role of Government and Other Institutions
The Chancellor
The Bundeskartellamt
Government Subsidies
The Associations
Labor and Codetermination
Codetermination
Agriculture
Fishing
Manufacturing
Energy and Natural Resources
The Bundesbank
Banking and Its Role in the Economy
Nonbank Financing
Transportation
Tourism
Chapter 6. International Economic Relations
Germany in the World Economy
The Deutsche Mark as an International Currency
Germany in the European Community
Germany and the European Union
Germany and the European Monetary Union
Foreign Trade and Investment
International Investment in and by Germany
Chapter 7. Government and Politics
Constitutional Framework
Federalism
Government Institutions
The Chancellor and the Cabinet
Bundestag
Bundesrat
The Judiciary
The Civil Service
Land and Local Government
The Electoral System
Political Parties
Social Democratic Party of Germany
Free Democratic Party
The Greens
The Republikaner and the German People's Union
Extraparty Political Forces
Labor Unions
Agriculture
The Mass Media
Radio and Television
Political Developments since Unification
Chapter 8. Foreign Relations
Major Foreign Policy Goals and Strategies
Postwar Developments
Foreign Reaction to Unification
Foreign Policy Formulation
Domestic Influences on Foreign Policy
Public Opinion
International Cooperation
Western European Union
European Union
Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe
 Chapter 9. National Security
Military Tradition
Prussia's Emergence as a Military Power
Creation of the Bundeswehr
The Armed Forces
Army
Franco-German Brigade and Eurocorps
Air Force
Reserves
Integration of East German Armed Forces
Military Justice
Citizens in Uniform
Service Obligations
Defense Production and Export
Foreign Military Relations
Internal Security
Land Police Agencies
Criminal Justice
Dissidence and Terrorist Activity